An official of the Judicial branch with authority to decide lawsuits brought before courts.

The official decision of a court finally resolving the dispute between the parties to the lawsuit.

The legal authority of a court to hear and decide a certain type of case. It also is used as a synonym for venue, meaning the geographic area over which the court has territorial jurisdiction to decide cases.

The group of persons selected to hear the evidence in a trial and render a verdict on matters of fact.

A judge's directions to the jury before it begins deliberations regarding the factual questions it must answer and the legal rules that it must apply.